Elevated S100B levels do not correlate with the severity of encephalopathy during sepsis

То study correlation between S100B protein level and severity of septic encephalopathy 35 septic patients (with revealed sepsis, septic shock and septic encephalopathy) were engaged. They were subdivided into two groups (hyperactive and hypoactive delirium ) by way of CAM-ICU to diagnose delirium presents/absence and further estimation according to RASS scale. Mental status was estim ated! by way of CAM -ICU and RASS) in certain checkpoint as well as S100B protein level. Marked difference between serum levels of protein S100B were revealed (0,171 ± 0,07 pg/l in hyperactive delirium and 0,417 + 0,09 pg/l (p0,05 in hyperactive delirium and rs=-0,8, p>0,05 in hypoactive delirium groups)С целью изучения взаимосвязи сывороточного уровня протеина S100B и степени тяжести септической энцефалопатии в исследование было включено 35 пациентов с установленным тяжелы м сепсисом и септическим шоком и признаками септической энцефалопатии. Они были разделены на 2 группы (гиперактивный и гипоактивный делирий) посредством применения метода CAM-ICU для диагностики наличия/отсутствия делирия с последующей количественной оценкой по шкале RASS. В контрольные даты проводилась оценка психического статуса методом CAM -ICU и RASS, а также лабораторное определение белка S100В. В результате получены достоверные различия в сывороточных уровнях протеина S100В: в группе гиперактивного делирия его уровень составлял 0,171 + 0,07 мкг/л, в группе гипоактивного делирия - 0,417 ± 0,09 мкг/л (р0,05, для группы гипоактивного делирия rs=-0,8, р>0,05)

Guaranteed clustering and biclustering via semidefinite programming

Identifying clusters of similar objects in data plays a significant role in a wide range of applications. As a model problem for clustering, we consider the densest k-disjoint-clique problem, whose goal is to identify the collection of k disjoint cliques of a given weighted complete graph maximizing the sum of the densities of the complete subgraphs induced by these cliques. In this paper, we establish conditions ensuring exact recovery of the densest k cliques of a given graph from the optimal solution of a particular semidefinite program. In particular, the semidefinite relaxation is exact for input graphs corresponding to data consisting of k large, distinct clusters and a smaller number of outliers. This approach also yields a semidefinite relaxation for the biclustering problem with similar recovery guarantees. Given a set of objects and a set of features exhibited by these objects, biclustering seeks to simultaneously group the objects and features according to their expression levels. This problem may be posed as partitioning the nodes of a weighted bipartite complete graph such that the sum of the densities of the resulting bipartite complete subgraphs is maximized. As in our analysis of the densest k-disjoint-clique problem, we show that the correct partition of the objects and features can be recovered from the optimal solution of a semidefinite program in the case that the given data consists of several disjoint sets of objects exhibiting similar features. Empirical evidence from numerical experiments supporting these theoretical guarantees is also provided

Connection of ancient greek aspiration with the spelling of latin medical terms of greek origin

The article deals some regularities of the spelling of Latin medical terms of Greek origin, based on the features of the phonetics of the ancient Greek language. Special attention is paid to the spelling of terms containing digraphs such as rh, ph, ch, th. The analysis of terms allows us to conclude that some features of ancient Greek phonetics were reflected in Latin orthography.В статье рассмотрены некоторые закономерности орфографии латинских медицинских терминов греческого происхождения, основанные на особенностях фонетики древнегреческого языка. Особое внимание обращено на правописание терминов, содержащих такие диграфы, как rh, ph, ch, th. Анализ терминов позволяет сделать вывод, что некоторые особенности древнегреческой фонетики нашли своё отражение в латинской орфографии

The connection of the encephalopathy heaviness and protein S100 in sepsis

The aim of this study was to estimate the connection of the encephalopathy heaviness and protein S100 in septic patients. 35 patients with sepsis were included in this study. All patients were divided in two groups by using CAM-ICU method and RAAS scale: hyperactive and hypoactive delirium. Scale's estimation and Protein S100 investigation were made in 1 ,3 ,7 ,21days. Marked differences between protein S100 level in patients with hyperactive and hypoactive delirium were revealed (0,171+0,07 mkg/l and 0,417+0,09 mkg/l accordingly, p<0,01). So, the clinical approach with division septic patients on hyperactive and hypoactive delirium, probably, has the pathophysiological bases and may be used for the detection of the heaviness of septic encephalopathy.С целью выяснения связи сывороточного уровня астроглиального протеина s100, используемого в качестве биомаркера тяжести поражения головного мозга, и степенью выраженности клинических проявлений септической энцефалопатии было обследовано 35 пациентов, разделенных с использованием метода CAM-ICU и шкалы RASS на группы гиперактивного и гипоактивного делирия. В каждой группе проводилось определение протеина s100 и оценка по шкале RASS на 1, 3,7,21 сутки заболевания. В результате исследования выяснено, что имеются достоверные различия в сывороточном уровне протеина s100 между группами гиперактивного и гипоактивного делирия (0,171+0,07 мкг/л и 0,417+0,09 мкг/л соответственно, р<0,01). Вероятно, что применение подхода разделения септической энцефалопатии на два подтипа на основе клинических проявлений имеет под собой патофизиологическую основу и может быть использовано для определения тяжести поражения головного мозга при сепсисе

Hemodynamics regulation and serum level of protein S100 in septic encephalopathy

То study autonomous regulation of septic encephalopathy hemodynamics 35 septic patients were engaged. They were subdivided into two groups (hyperactive and hypoactive delirium) by way of CAM-ICU to diagnose delirium presents/absence and further estimation according to RASS scale. Mental status was estimated (by way of CAM-ICU and RASS) in certain checkpoint as well as laboratories data and hemodynamic parameters. Analyzing hemodynamics the most strongly pronounced distinction was revealed in pulsation peripheral blood vessels parameters. There were marked difference between serum levels of protein S100. The normal serum level of protein S100 was not revealed in any patient. Thus, early manifestation of hypoactive delirium septic encephalopathy is combined with marked malfunction of hemodynamics central regulation reveal grave sepsis and foretell unfavorable prognosis for a disease.С целью изучения автономной регуляции гемодинамики при септической энцефалопатии в исследование было включено 35 пациентов с установленным сепсисом. Они были разделены на 2 группы (гиперактивный и гипоактивный делирий) посредством применения метода CAM-ICU для диагностики наличия/отсутствия делирия с последующей оценкой по шкале RASS. В контрольные даты проводилась оценка психического статуса методом CAM-ICU и RASS, а также лабораторные исследования и оценка параметров гемодинамики. При анализе показателей гемодинамики наиболее яркие различия получены в параметрах, характеризующих пульсацию периферических сосудов. Имелись достоверные различия и при оценке сывороточного уровня протеина S100. При зтом нормальный уровень протеина S100 не был зафиксирован ни у одного из пациентов. Вывод: ранние проявления септической энцефалопатии по типу гипоактивного делирия сочетаются с выраженными нарушениями центральной регуляции гемодинамики, являются отражением тяжелого септического процесса и признаком неблагоприятного прогноза

Обеспечение радиационной безопасности при выводе из эксплуатации тяжеловодного исследовательского ядерного реактора НИЦ «Курчатовский институт» – ИТЭФ

The article provides a brief description of organizational and technical measures aimed at ensuring radiation safety during the decommissioning of the heavy-water research nuclear reactor of Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics after A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute». Information is provided on the history and features of the operation of the reactor, including parameters and characteristics that are significant for planning and conducting work. The peculiarities of legal regulation in the field of ensuring radiation safety are given; regulatory acts and rules accompanying other activities during decommissioning and directly related to radiation safety are also considered. The paper describes the work done in preparation for dismantling, the initial and current state of the installation, forthcoming work with examples of dismantled equipment. Methods for handling radioactive waste arising during decommissioning are considered, including methods for fragmentation of large structural elements (examples of mechanical devices are given), methods for sorting according to different specific activity (high activity, low activity), radionuclide composition and physical properties (solid, metallic, non-metallic, liquid). A special method for handling liquid radioactive waste is described, which includes the collection and temporary storage system. To assess the radiation situation at workplaces during the dismantling of the reactor structures, calculations of radiation transfer were carried out on the running and shutdown reactor, during which it was established that the expected dose to the personnel when performing activities on decommissioning of TBR is much lower than the limit values, established by regulatory documents. In accordance with the estimated radiation doses, rules and instructions for personnel were determined, including the procedure for using personal protective equipment, the necessary measures for surface decontamination, etc. Information is given on the procedure for radiation monitoring at all stages of dismantling and at the final stages of decommissioning including control of premises, personnel, equipment, waste of various types, atmospheric air.В статье приведено краткое описание организационных и технических мер, направленных на обеспечение радиационной безопасности при выводе из эксплуатации тяжеловодного исследовательского ядерного реактора Института теоретической и экспериментальной физики имени А.И. Алиханова Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт». Представлена информация об истории и особенностях эксплуатации реактора, в том числе параметры и характеристики, значимые для планирования и проведения работ. Приведены особенности нормативно-правового регулирования в области обеспечения радиационной безопасности, также рассмотрены нормативные акты и правила, сопутствующие прочим работам при выводе из эксплуатации и непосредственно связанные с радиационной безопасностью. Описаны выполненные работы по подготовке к демонтажу, исходное и текущее состояние установки, предстоящие работы с приведением примеров демонтируемого оборудования. Рассмотрены методы обращения с радиоактивными отходами, возникающими в ходе работ по выводу из эксплуатации, в том числе способы фрагментации крупных элементов конструкций (приведены примеры механических устройств), способы сортировки в соответствии с различной удельной активностью (высокоактивные, низкоактивные), радионуклидным составом и физическими свойствами (твердые, металлические, неметаллические, жидкие). Приведена информация о порядке радиационного контроля на всех этапах работ по демонтажу и на заключительных этапах вывода из эксплуатации, включая контроль помещений, персонала, оборудования, отходов различного типа, атмосферного воздуха

Biclustering via optimal re-ordering of data matrices in systems biology: rigorous methods and comparative studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The analysis of large-scale data sets via clustering techniques is utilized in a number of applications. Biclustering in particular has emerged as an important problem in the analysis of gene expression data since genes may only jointly respond over a subset of conditions. Biclustering algorithms also have important applications in sample classification where, for instance, tissue samples can be classified as cancerous or normal. Many of the methods for biclustering, and clustering algorithms in general, utilize simplified models or heuristic strategies for identifying the "best" grouping of elements according to some metric and cluster definition and thus result in suboptimal clusters.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this article, we present a rigorous approach to biclustering, OREO, which is based on the Optimal RE-Ordering of the rows and columns of a data matrix so as to globally minimize the dissimilarity metric. The physical permutations of the rows and columns of the data matrix can be modeled as either a network flow problem or a traveling salesman problem. Cluster boundaries in one dimension are used to partition and re-order the other dimensions of the corresponding submatrices to generate biclusters. The performance of OREO is tested on (a) metabolite concentration data, (b) an image reconstruction matrix, (c) synthetic data with implanted biclusters, and gene expression data for (d) colon cancer data, (e) breast cancer data, as well as (f) yeast segregant data to validate the ability of the proposed method and compare it to existing biclustering and clustering methods.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We demonstrate that this rigorous global optimization method for biclustering produces clusters with more insightful groupings of similar entities, such as genes or metabolites sharing common functions, than other clustering and biclustering algorithms and can reconstruct underlying fundamental patterns in the data for several distinct sets of data matrices arising in important biological applications.</p

Dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise

Dermacentor reticulatus is a hard tick species with extraordinary biological features. It has a high reproduction rate, a rapid developmental cycle, and is also able to overcome years of unfavourable conditions. Dermacentor reticulatus can survive under water for several months and is cold-hardy even compared to other tick species. It has a wide host range: over 60 different wild and domesticated hosts are known for the three active developmental stages. Its high adaptiveness gives an edge to this tick species as shown by new data on the emergence and establishment of D. reticulatus populations throughout Europe. The tick has been the research focus of a growing number of scientists, physicians and veterinarians. Within the Web of Science database, more than a fifth of the over 700 items published on this species between 1897 and 2015 appeared in the last three years (2013–2015). Here we attempt to synthesize current knowledge on the systematics, ecology, geographical distribution and recent spread of the species and to highlight the great spectrum of possible veterinary and public health threats it poses. Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis is a severe leading canine vector-borne disease in many endemic areas. Although less frequently than Ixodes ricinus, D. reticulatus adults bite humans and transmit several Rickettsia spp., Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus or Tick-borne encephalitis virus. We have not solely collected and reviewed the latest and fundamental scientific papers available in primary databases but also widened our scope to books, theses, conference papers and specialists colleagues’ experience where needed. Besides the dominant literature available in English, we also tried to access scientific literature in German, Russian and eastern European languages as well. We hope to inspire future research projects that are necessary to understand the basic life-cycle and ecology of this vector in order to understand and prevent disease threats. We conclude that although great strides have been made in our knowledge of the eco-epidemiology of this species, several gaps still need to be filled with basic research, targeting possible reservoir and vector roles and the key factors resulting in the observed geographical spread of D. reticulatus. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1599-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users